Which of the following statements correctly describes the MPC approach to attempt?

• A. Dangerous proximity to completion
• B. Incomplete due to reason outside of control
• C. Substantial step toward the commission corroborative of intent (preparation insufficient)
• D. All of the above

Answer: (C)

Under the Model Penal Code, an attempt happens when the defendant takes a substantial step toward the commission of the crime that strongly corroborates the defendant’s intent to commit it; mere preparation is not enough. This replaces the older “dangerous proximity to completion” standard from common law. So the correct description is that an attempt is a substantial step toward the crime, corroborative of intent, with preparation insufficient. For example, lying in wait, pursuing the means to commit the offense, or other significant actions that move from planning toward execution would qualify as an attempt if they show the defendant’s intent. The other ideas described do not fit the MPC standard.