Which situation requires withdrawal from representation?

• A. Mentally/physically incompetent
• B. Client fires lawyer
• C. Client harassing others
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Withdrawal from representation is allowed when continuing would violate ethical rules or make effective representation impossible. If a client is mentally or physically incompetent, the client cannot participate meaningfully in the case, and the lawyer may withdraw because the representation cannot be conducted competently. If the client fires the lawyer, the engagement ends and withdrawal is required. If the client harasses others, including the attorney, the working relationship becomes untenable and withdrawal may be necessary to protect the attorney and comply with professional standards. Because each of these scenarios can justify terminating the attorney–client relationship, all of the above situations require withdrawal.